For example Carbon 14 is often the method of choice for scientists dating organic The Carbon 14 test would be inappropriate for something like, say, granite.
Table of contents
- Zircon Chronology: Dating the Oldest Material on Earth
- What can be dated?
- The Age of the Earth - Polonium Halos as a Creationist Clock: Scott Pfahler
- Radiometric Dating
- Dating rocks with radioactivity | AMNH;
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Where do meteorites come from? What do meteorites tell us? Impacts in our future?
Hall of Planet Earth Guided Exploration: How Earth Formed Guided Exploration: Natural Resources Guided Exploration: Plate Tectonics Guided Exploration: The Rock Record How has the Earth evolved? Ontario banded iron formation Life explodes The age of microbes The oldest fossil? An evolving atmosphere Rocks that reveal conditions of early Earth Pyrite-bearing conglomerate Gray-white quartzite Icebox or hothouse?
Zircon Chronology: Dating the Oldest Material on Earth
The earliest Ice Ages Debris from old glaciers Outcrop of glacial sediments Red quartzite Why are there ocean basins, continents, and mountains? What is a fault? Fault in Crystalline rock Which way does a fault move? These isotopes have longer half-lives and so are found in greater abundance in older fossils. All of these methods are accurate only back to the last global catastrophe i. The assumptions are similar to the assumptions used in carbon dating.
What can be dated?
The mathematical premise undergirding the use of these elements in radiometric dating contains the similar confounding factors that we find in carbon dating method. Most scientists today believe that life has existed on the earth for billions of years. This belief in long ages for the earth and the evolution of all life is based entirely on the hypothetical and non-empirical Theory of Evolution.
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All dating methods that support this theory are embraced, while any evidence to the contrary, e. Prior to radiometric dating, evolution scientists used index fossils a. A paleontologist would take the discovered fossil to a geologist who would ask the paleontologist what other fossils searching for an index fossil were found near their discovery.
If it sounds like circular reasoning, it is because this process in reality is based upon circular reasoning. The process of using index fossils is describes by the late Creationist author and Ph. Henry Morris as follows:. All radiometric dating methods use this basic principle to extrapolate the age of artifacts being tested.
These long time periods are computed by measuring the ratio of daughter to parent substance in a rock, and inferring an age based on this ratio. This age is computed under the assumption that the parent substance say, uranium gradually decays to the daughter substance say, lead , so the higher the ratio of lead to uranium, the older the rock must be.
While there are many problems with such dating methods, such as parent or daughter substances entering or leaving the rock, e.
Geologists assert that generally speaking, older dates are found deeper down in the geologic column, which they take as evidence that radiometric dating is giving true ages, since it is apparent that rocks that are deeper must be older. But even if it is true that older radiometric dates are found lower down in the geologic column which is open to question , this can potentially be explained by processes occurring in magma chambers which cause the lava erupting earlier to appear older than the lava erupting later.
The Age of the Earth - Polonium Halos as a Creationist Clock: Scott Pfahler
Lava erupting earlier would come from the top of the magma chamber, and lava erupting later would come from lower down. A number of processes could cause the parent substance to be depleted at the top of the magma chamber, or the daughter product to be enriched, both of which would cause the lava erupting earlier to appear very old according to radiometric dating, and lava erupting later to appear younger. Other possible confounding variables are the mechanisms that can alter daughter-to-parent ratios. We can see that many varieties of minerals are produced from the same magma by the different processes of crystallization, and these different minerals may have very different compositions.
It is possible that the ratio of daughter to parent substances for radiometric dating could differ in the different minerals. Clearly, it is important to have a good understanding of these processes in order to evaluate the reliability of radiometric dating.
Radiometric Dating
Other confounding factors such as contamination and fractionation issues are frankly acknowledged by the geologic community, but are not taken into consideration when the accuracy and validity of these dating methods are examined. The following quotation from Elaine G. Kennedy addresses this problem. Contamination and fractionation issues are frankly acknowledged by the geologic community.
For example, if a magma chamber does not have homogeneously mixed isotopes, lighter daughter products could accumulate in the upper portion of the chamber. Dr Carl Wieland summarizes the recent findings: Certain crystals called zircons, obtained from drilling into very deep granites, contain uranium which has partly decayed into lead.
By measuring the amount of uranium and 'radiogenic lead' in these crystals, one can calculate that, if the decay rate has been constant, about 1. This is consistent with the geologic 'age' assigned to the granites in which these zircons are found. There is a significant amount of helium from that '1. This is at first glance surprising, because of the ease with which one would expect helium with its tiny, light, unreactive atoms to escape from the spaces within the crystal structure.
There should hardly be any left, because with such a slow buildup, it should be seeping out continually and not accumulating. Drawing any conclusions from the above depends, of course, on actually measuring the rate at which helium leaks out of zircons. This is what one of the recent RATE [2] papers reports on. The samples were sent… to a world-class expert to measure these rates. In fact, the results show that because of all the helium still in the zircons, these crystals and since this is Precambrian basement granite, by implication the whole earth could not be older than between 4, and 14, years.
In other words, in only a few thousand years, 1. Russel Humphreys, Steven A.